The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA) is a South African law that regulates the mining industry in the country. In 2022, the MPRDA was amended to include an Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) policy.

The ASM policy aims to promote responsible and sustainable mining practices among artisanal and small-scale miners, who are often marginalized and operate outside of the formal mining sector. The policy provides guidelines for the formalization of ASM activities, the allocation of mining rights, the management of environmental impacts, and the support of social and economic development in mining communities.

The policy emphasizes the importance of involving local communities and stakeholders in the development of ASM activities, and requires ASM operators to obtain the necessary permits and licenses, comply with environmental regulations, and adhere to social and labor standards.

The ASM policy is expected to promote the development of a more inclusive and sustainable mining sector in South Africa, while addressing the challenges and risks associated with informal ASM activities.

The policy defines artisanal and small-scale mining as mining activities that are carried out with minimal or no mechanization, using rudimentary methods and tools. Artisanal and small-scale mining typically involves low levels of investment and is often conducted by individuals or small groups, without formal mining titles or permits.

The policy recognizes the potential of ASM to contribute to local development and poverty alleviation, as well as to the country’s mineral wealth. However, it also acknowledges that ASM can have negative impacts on the environment, human health, and safety, and can lead to social conflict and human rights abuses.

To address these challenges, the policy sets out a number of principles and strategies for the formalization and regulation of ASM activities. These include:

• Encouraging the formalization of ASM activities through the allocation of mining rights and the provision of support services to small-scale miners.
• Promoting compliance with environmental regulations and standards, and encouraging the adoption of sustainable mining practices.
• Strengthening the capacity of government institutions to regulate and monitor ASM activities, and to provide support services to small-scale miners.
• Promoting social and economic development in mining communities, including through the provision of training and skills development programs, access to finance, and the development of local value chains.
• Ensuring that ASM activities are carried out in a manner that respects human rights and labor standards, and that protects the health and safety of workers and local communities.

The policy also recognizes the importance of involving local communities and stakeholders in the development of ASM activities, and provides for the establishment of local committees and forums to facilitate dialogue and consultation.

Overall, the ASM policy represents an important step towards the formalization and regulation of artisanal and small-scale mining in South Africa, and towards the promotion of responsible and sustainable mining practices that benefit local communities and the country as a whole.